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26,551 first names, 70,620 last names, 333,585 kanji variations.
one of the best Japanese name search tools for your baby!
Jouchan(じょうちゃん)
Tocchan(とっちゃん)
Jojo(じょじょ)![]()
This name is also used as a surname:
Jouto
In Japanese culture, kanji are characters that originated from Chinese script, and the meaning of a name changes depending on the kanji characters chosen. The more variations of kanji a name has, the more common it is in Japan. Conversely, a name with very few kanji variations is considered unique and rare. Below are the kanji variations for "Jouto," ranked by the total number of "Good!" votes.
晟 means "bright, radiant, prosperous."
Bright - Shining with light.
Radiant - Emitting brilliant light.
Prosperous - Flourishing; thriving.
Splendid - Impressive and grand.
Bright - Brightness symbolizes intelligence, optimism, and a future full of promise. May your child's future be bright, filled with intelligence, joy, and boundless opportunity.
Radiant - Light represents hope, wisdom, and the illumination of truth. May your child shine brightly, illuminating the path for others.
Prosperous - Prosperity represents flourishing, abundance, and the success that comes from effort. May your child prosper in all good endeavors, flourishing in every season.
Splendid - Splendor represents magnificence, glory, and the dazzling beauty of achievement. May your child achieve splendid things, their glory brightening the world.
人 means "person, others, each person."
Person - Each person is unique, with their own path and purpose in life. May your child become a person of integrity, kindness, and purpose.
People - People together form communities, sharing joys and supporting each other. May your child connect well with people, building strong communities.
Counter - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
丈 means "height, to measure, length unit."
Length Unit - One Jō Equals Ten 尺; about 303 centimeters in Japan.
Elder - A respectful term for elderly or senior persons.
Honorific - An honorific added to kabuki actors' stage names.
Measurement - To measure something, such as land.
Particle - Used for the particles 'take' and 'dake'.
Respect - A term used to show respect for elderly people or elders.
Height - Length represents endurance, reach, and sustained effort. May your child have the endurance to see things through to completion.
Length Unit - Length Unit - One jō equals ten 尺; about 303 centimeters in - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of length unit throughout life.
Elder - Elders carry the wisdom of experience and the duty to guide the young. May your child both honor elders and become a wise elder themselves.
Honorific - Honorifics reflect respect, social harmony, and proper recognition of others. May your child both earn and give respect appropriately throughout life.
Measurement - Measure represents balance, proportion, and the wisdom of knowing limits. May your child know the measure of all things, balanced and proportionate.
Particle - Particles represent the small things that make up the whole. May your child appreciate how small particles create great things.
Respect - Respect (敬) is fundamental to Japanese social harmony, honoring the dignity of all beings. May your child show and earn respect, honoring others while being worthy of honor themselves.
人 means "person, others, each person."
Person - Each person is unique, with their own path and purpose in life. May your child become a person of integrity, kindness, and purpose.
People - People together form communities, sharing joys and supporting each other. May your child connect well with people, building strong communities.
Counter - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
丈 means "height, to measure, length unit."
Length Unit - One Jō Equals Ten 尺; about 303 centimeters in Japan.
Elder - A respectful term for elderly or senior persons.
Honorific - An honorific added to kabuki actors' stage names.
Measurement - To measure something, such as land.
Particle - Used for the particles 'take' and 'dake'.
Respect - A term used to show respect for elderly people or elders.
Height - Length represents endurance, reach, and sustained effort. May your child have the endurance to see things through to completion.
Length Unit - Length Unit - One jō equals ten 尺; about 303 centimeters in - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of length unit throughout life.
Elder - Elders carry the wisdom of experience and the duty to guide the young. May your child both honor elders and become a wise elder themselves.
Honorific - Honorifics reflect respect, social harmony, and proper recognition of others. May your child both earn and give respect appropriately throughout life.
Measurement - Measure represents balance, proportion, and the wisdom of knowing limits. May your child know the measure of all things, balanced and proportionate.
Particle - Particles represent the small things that make up the whole. May your child appreciate how small particles create great things.
Respect - Respect (敬) is fundamental to Japanese social harmony, honoring the dignity of all beings. May your child show and earn respect, honoring others while being worthy of honor themselves.
斗 means "dipper, measure, constellation."
Dipper - A ladle for scooping liquids.
Measure - A unit of volume (about 18 liters).
Constellation - The Big Dipper or Little Dipper stars.
Ladle - Tool used to scoop up water or alcohol.
Dipper - Dipper represents a role of purpose and contribution to society. May your child embody the dipper's dedication and skill in their life's work.
Measure - Measure represents balance, proportion, and the wisdom of knowing limits. May your child know the measure of all things, balanced and proportionate.
Constellation - Constellation represents a significant process or state. May your child understand and embody the meaning of constellation.
Ladle - The ladle represents serving others, measured giving, and nourishing gifts. May your child serve others generously.
Small - Smallness carries humility, attention to detail, and the appreciation of subtlety. May your child notice and appreciate small blessings others might overlook.
丈 means "height, to measure, length unit."
Length Unit - One Jō Equals Ten 尺; about 303 centimeters in Japan.
Elder - A respectful term for elderly or senior persons.
Honorific - An honorific added to kabuki actors' stage names.
Measurement - To measure something, such as land.
Particle - Used for the particles 'take' and 'dake'.
Respect - A term used to show respect for elderly people or elders.
Height - Length represents endurance, reach, and sustained effort. May your child have the endurance to see things through to completion.
Length Unit - Length Unit - One jō equals ten 尺; about 303 centimeters in - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of length unit throughout life.
Elder - Elders carry the wisdom of experience and the duty to guide the young. May your child both honor elders and become a wise elder themselves.
Honorific - Honorifics reflect respect, social harmony, and proper recognition of others. May your child both earn and give respect appropriately throughout life.
Measurement - Measure represents balance, proportion, and the wisdom of knowing limits. May your child know the measure of all things, balanced and proportionate.
Particle - Particles represent the small things that make up the whole. May your child appreciate how small particles create great things.
Respect - Respect (敬) is fundamental to Japanese social harmony, honoring the dignity of all beings. May your child show and earn respect, honoring others while being worthy of honor themselves.
渡 means "to cross, to pass, ferry."
To Cross - To traverse by boat over rivers or seas.
To Cross - The act of cross represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child cross with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
To Hand Over - Hands represent skill, giving, creation, and the ability to shape the world. May your child's hands be skilled in creation, generous in giving.
To Pass - The act of pass represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child pass with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
Ferry - Earth represents stability, nurturing, and solid foundation. May your child stand on solid ground with deep roots.
丈 means "height, to measure, length unit."
Length Unit - One Jō Equals Ten 尺; about 303 centimeters in Japan.
Elder - A respectful term for elderly or senior persons.
Honorific - An honorific added to kabuki actors' stage names.
Measurement - To measure something, such as land.
Particle - Used for the particles 'take' and 'dake'.
Respect - A term used to show respect for elderly people or elders.
Height - Length represents endurance, reach, and sustained effort. May your child have the endurance to see things through to completion.
Length Unit - Length Unit - One jō equals ten 尺; about 303 centimeters in - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of length unit throughout life.
Elder - Elders carry the wisdom of experience and the duty to guide the young. May your child both honor elders and become a wise elder themselves.
Honorific - Honorifics reflect respect, social harmony, and proper recognition of others. May your child both earn and give respect appropriately throughout life.
Measurement - Measure represents balance, proportion, and the wisdom of knowing limits. May your child know the measure of all things, balanced and proportionate.
Particle - Particles represent the small things that make up the whole. May your child appreciate how small particles create great things.
Respect - Respect (敬) is fundamental to Japanese social harmony, honoring the dignity of all beings. May your child show and earn respect, honoring others while being worthy of honor themselves.
登 means "climb, register, mature."
Accomplish - To achieve, to complete.
Immediately - To do something right away, to stand in the present.
Ripen - To mature, for grains to become ripe.
Climb - Climbing represents effort, progress, and reaching higher. May your child climb steadily toward their highest aspirations.
Register - Register represents a role of purpose and contribution to society. May your child embody the register's dedication and skill in their life's work.
Mature - Seeds and eggs contain the promise of new life and future growth. May your child nurture their potential into full flourishing.
Accomplish - Accomplishment represents achievement, completion, and the satisfaction of finishing. May your child accomplish great things, completing what they set out to do.
Immediately - Objects serve purposes and remind us of what matters. May your child value things for their true worth and purpose.
Ripen - Ripen - To mature, for grains to become ripe - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of ripen throughout life.
丈 means "height, to measure, length unit."
Length Unit - One Jō Equals Ten 尺; about 303 centimeters in Japan.
Elder - A respectful term for elderly or senior persons.
Honorific - An honorific added to kabuki actors' stage names.
Measurement - To measure something, such as land.
Particle - Used for the particles 'take' and 'dake'.
Respect - A term used to show respect for elderly people or elders.
Height - Length represents endurance, reach, and sustained effort. May your child have the endurance to see things through to completion.
Length Unit - Length Unit - One jō equals ten 尺; about 303 centimeters in - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of length unit throughout life.
Elder - Elders carry the wisdom of experience and the duty to guide the young. May your child both honor elders and become a wise elder themselves.
Honorific - Honorifics reflect respect, social harmony, and proper recognition of others. May your child both earn and give respect appropriately throughout life.
Measurement - Measure represents balance, proportion, and the wisdom of knowing limits. May your child know the measure of all things, balanced and proportionate.
Particle - Particles represent the small things that make up the whole. May your child appreciate how small particles create great things.
Respect - Respect (敬) is fundamental to Japanese social harmony, honoring the dignity of all beings. May your child show and earn respect, honoring others while being worthy of honor themselves.
都 means "capital, metropolis, elegant."
Capital - The city where the emperor resides; seat of government.
Metropolis - A Large, Important City; an urban center.
Elegant - Refined and Sophisticated; gracefully beautiful.
Big Town - A large city, such as Tokyo, which is the capital of Japan.
Everyone - All people or everyone.
Graceful and Beautiful - A graceful and beautiful appearance or manner.
To Rule - The act of governing or ruling over a group of people or a country.
Tokyo - Abbreviation for Tokyo Metropolis.
Capital - Being capital represents a valuable quality that enriches character and life. May your child be capital, letting this quality guide their path.
Metropolis - Metropolis - A large, important city; an urban center - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of metropolis throughout life.
Elegant - Elegance represents refined beauty, grace, and the sophisticated simplicity of good taste. May your child possess elegance in manner and spirit, graceful and refined.
All - All represents completeness, wholeness, and embracing the totality of existence. May your child embrace all of life—its joys and sorrows—with a whole and complete heart.
Big Town - Bigness represents generosity, capacity, and the ability to embrace much. May your child have a big heart, with generous capacity to embrace all of life.
Emperor's Palace - The emperor represents divine authority, cultural continuity, and national unity. May your child possess noble bearing and the wisdom to lead others with dignity.
Everyone - Everyone - All people or everyone - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of everyone throughout life.
Gather - Gathering represents community, bringing people and resources together for common purpose. May your child have the gift of gathering people together in friendship and cooperation.
Graceful and Beautiful - Grace represents elegance in movement and character, the refinement of a cultivated spirit. May your child move through life with grace, elegant in action and refined in spirit.
To Rule - Ruling represents responsible authority, justice, and ordered governance. May your child rule themselves first, then lead others with justice.
Tokyo - Tokyo - Abbreviation for Tokyo Metropolis - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of tokyo throughout life.
穣 means "abundant harvest, fertile, prosperous."
To Bear Fruit, Produce a Harvest - To yield a plentiful harvest of grains or other crops.
Fertile - Producing Abundantly; fruitful.
Prosperous - Thriving; flourishing in growth.
Abundance, Prosperity - Rich in grains or other crops.
Abundant Harvest - Abundance represents the overflowing blessings that come from a generous universe. May your child live abundantly, overflowing with blessings to share.
To Bear Fruit, Produce a Harvest - The act of bear fruit/produce a harvest represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child bear fruit/produce a harvest with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
Fertile - Seeds and eggs contain the promise of new life and future growth. May your child nurture their potential into full flourishing.
Prosperous - Prosperity represents flourishing, abundance, and the success that comes from effort. May your child prosper in all good endeavors, flourishing in every season.
Abundance, Prosperity - Wealth represents abundance, resources, and the means to do good. May your child prosper in all ways and share their abundance.
Stalk of Millet - Stalk Of Millet - The stem of a millet plant - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of stalk of millet throughout life.
人 means "person, others, each person."
Person - Each person is unique, with their own path and purpose in life. May your child become a person of integrity, kindness, and purpose.
People - People together form communities, sharing joys and supporting each other. May your child connect well with people, building strong communities.
Counter - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
穣 means "abundant harvest, fertile, prosperous."
To Bear Fruit, Produce a Harvest - To yield a plentiful harvest of grains or other crops.
Fertile - Producing Abundantly; fruitful.
Prosperous - Thriving; flourishing in growth.
Abundance, Prosperity - Rich in grains or other crops.
Abundant Harvest - Abundance represents the overflowing blessings that come from a generous universe. May your child live abundantly, overflowing with blessings to share.
To Bear Fruit, Produce a Harvest - The act of bear fruit/produce a harvest represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child bear fruit/produce a harvest with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
Fertile - Seeds and eggs contain the promise of new life and future growth. May your child nurture their potential into full flourishing.
Prosperous - Prosperity represents flourishing, abundance, and the success that comes from effort. May your child prosper in all good endeavors, flourishing in every season.
Abundance, Prosperity - Wealth represents abundance, resources, and the means to do good. May your child prosper in all ways and share their abundance.
Stalk of Millet - Stalk Of Millet - The stem of a millet plant - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of stalk of millet throughout life.
斗 means "dipper, measure, constellation."
Dipper - A ladle for scooping liquids.
Measure - A unit of volume (about 18 liters).
Constellation - The Big Dipper or Little Dipper stars.
Ladle - Tool used to scoop up water or alcohol.
Dipper - Dipper represents a role of purpose and contribution to society. May your child embody the dipper's dedication and skill in their life's work.
Measure - Measure represents balance, proportion, and the wisdom of knowing limits. May your child know the measure of all things, balanced and proportionate.
Constellation - Constellation represents a significant process or state. May your child understand and embody the meaning of constellation.
Ladle - The ladle represents serving others, measured giving, and nourishing gifts. May your child serve others generously.
Small - Smallness carries humility, attention to detail, and the appreciation of subtlety. May your child notice and appreciate small blessings others might overlook.
穣 means "abundant harvest, fertile, prosperous."
To Bear Fruit, Produce a Harvest - To yield a plentiful harvest of grains or other crops.
Fertile - Producing Abundantly; fruitful.
Prosperous - Thriving; flourishing in growth.
Abundance, Prosperity - Rich in grains or other crops.
Abundant Harvest - Abundance represents the overflowing blessings that come from a generous universe. May your child live abundantly, overflowing with blessings to share.
To Bear Fruit, Produce a Harvest - The act of bear fruit/produce a harvest represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child bear fruit/produce a harvest with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
Fertile - Seeds and eggs contain the promise of new life and future growth. May your child nurture their potential into full flourishing.
Prosperous - Prosperity represents flourishing, abundance, and the success that comes from effort. May your child prosper in all good endeavors, flourishing in every season.
Abundance, Prosperity - Wealth represents abundance, resources, and the means to do good. May your child prosper in all ways and share their abundance.
Stalk of Millet - Stalk Of Millet - The stem of a millet plant - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of stalk of millet throughout life.
渡 means "to cross, to pass, ferry."
To Cross - To traverse by boat over rivers or seas.
To Cross - The act of cross represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child cross with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
To Hand Over - Hands represent skill, giving, creation, and the ability to shape the world. May your child's hands be skilled in creation, generous in giving.
To Pass - The act of pass represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child pass with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
Ferry - Earth represents stability, nurturing, and solid foundation. May your child stand on solid ground with deep roots.
穣 means "abundant harvest, fertile, prosperous."
To Bear Fruit, Produce a Harvest - To yield a plentiful harvest of grains or other crops.
Fertile - Producing Abundantly; fruitful.
Prosperous - Thriving; flourishing in growth.
Abundance, Prosperity - Rich in grains or other crops.
Abundant Harvest - Abundance represents the overflowing blessings that come from a generous universe. May your child live abundantly, overflowing with blessings to share.
To Bear Fruit, Produce a Harvest - The act of bear fruit/produce a harvest represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child bear fruit/produce a harvest with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
Fertile - Seeds and eggs contain the promise of new life and future growth. May your child nurture their potential into full flourishing.
Prosperous - Prosperity represents flourishing, abundance, and the success that comes from effort. May your child prosper in all good endeavors, flourishing in every season.
Abundance, Prosperity - Wealth represents abundance, resources, and the means to do good. May your child prosper in all ways and share their abundance.
Stalk of Millet - Stalk Of Millet - The stem of a millet plant - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of stalk of millet throughout life.
登 means "climb, register, mature."
Accomplish - To achieve, to complete.
Immediately - To do something right away, to stand in the present.
Ripen - To mature, for grains to become ripe.
Climb - Climbing represents effort, progress, and reaching higher. May your child climb steadily toward their highest aspirations.
Register - Register represents a role of purpose and contribution to society. May your child embody the register's dedication and skill in their life's work.
Mature - Seeds and eggs contain the promise of new life and future growth. May your child nurture their potential into full flourishing.
Accomplish - Accomplishment represents achievement, completion, and the satisfaction of finishing. May your child accomplish great things, completing what they set out to do.
Immediately - Objects serve purposes and remind us of what matters. May your child value things for their true worth and purpose.
Ripen - Ripen - To mature, for grains to become ripe - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of ripen throughout life.
穣 means "abundant harvest, fertile, prosperous."
To Bear Fruit, Produce a Harvest - To yield a plentiful harvest of grains or other crops.
Fertile - Producing Abundantly; fruitful.
Prosperous - Thriving; flourishing in growth.
Abundance, Prosperity - Rich in grains or other crops.
Abundant Harvest - Abundance represents the overflowing blessings that come from a generous universe. May your child live abundantly, overflowing with blessings to share.
To Bear Fruit, Produce a Harvest - The act of bear fruit/produce a harvest represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child bear fruit/produce a harvest with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
Fertile - Seeds and eggs contain the promise of new life and future growth. May your child nurture their potential into full flourishing.
Prosperous - Prosperity represents flourishing, abundance, and the success that comes from effort. May your child prosper in all good endeavors, flourishing in every season.
Abundance, Prosperity - Wealth represents abundance, resources, and the means to do good. May your child prosper in all ways and share their abundance.
Stalk of Millet - Stalk Of Millet - The stem of a millet plant - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of stalk of millet throughout life.
都 means "capital, metropolis, elegant."
Capital - The city where the emperor resides; seat of government.
Metropolis - A Large, Important City; an urban center.
Elegant - Refined and Sophisticated; gracefully beautiful.
Big Town - A large city, such as Tokyo, which is the capital of Japan.
Everyone - All people or everyone.
Graceful and Beautiful - A graceful and beautiful appearance or manner.
To Rule - The act of governing or ruling over a group of people or a country.
Tokyo - Abbreviation for Tokyo Metropolis.
Capital - Being capital represents a valuable quality that enriches character and life. May your child be capital, letting this quality guide their path.
Metropolis - Metropolis - A large, important city; an urban center - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of metropolis throughout life.
Elegant - Elegance represents refined beauty, grace, and the sophisticated simplicity of good taste. May your child possess elegance in manner and spirit, graceful and refined.
All - All represents completeness, wholeness, and embracing the totality of existence. May your child embrace all of life—its joys and sorrows—with a whole and complete heart.
Big Town - Bigness represents generosity, capacity, and the ability to embrace much. May your child have a big heart, with generous capacity to embrace all of life.
Emperor's Palace - The emperor represents divine authority, cultural continuity, and national unity. May your child possess noble bearing and the wisdom to lead others with dignity.
Everyone - Everyone - All people or everyone - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of everyone throughout life.
Gather - Gathering represents community, bringing people and resources together for common purpose. May your child have the gift of gathering people together in friendship and cooperation.
Graceful and Beautiful - Grace represents elegance in movement and character, the refinement of a cultivated spirit. May your child move through life with grace, elegant in action and refined in spirit.
To Rule - Ruling represents responsible authority, justice, and ordered governance. May your child rule themselves first, then lead others with justice.
Tokyo - Tokyo - Abbreviation for Tokyo Metropolis - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of tokyo throughout life.
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Sorts names by how closely they match your search meaning. Names containing more kanji that match your search terms appear higher in the results.
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Sorts names by how many different kanji spellings they have. In general, names with more variants tend to be more familiar and widespread in Japan (with some exceptions).
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Sorts names by page views on this site. Views reflect global traffic (including Japan), so this does not represent popularity among Japanese people only. A high view count does not necessarily mean the name is famous in Japan.
What is Hiragana?
Hiragana is one of the two Japanese syllabaries. Each character represents a sound (mora), not a meaning. It is used for native words, grammatical particles, verb/adjective endings (okurigana), and to show pronunciation above kanji (furigana). It developed from cursive forms of kanji.
What is Katakana?
Katakana is one of the two Japanese syllabaries. Each character represents a sound (mora), not a meaning. It is mainly used to write foreign words and names, loanwords, onomatopoeia, and for emphasis.
What are English Syllables?
A syllable is a unit of pronunciation in English — it’s the beat you hear when you say a word.
Here are a few quick examples:
cat = 1 syllable
ba-by = 2 syllables
beau-ti-ful = 3 syllables
On this site, English Syllables show how a name naturally breaks into sounds when spoken in English. This helps you understand how English speakers naturally say the name and where they pause between sounds.
What are Japanese Morae?
A mora (plural: morae, Japanese: 拍 Haku) is the basic unit of sound in Japanese — think of it as one rhythmic “beat” when speaking.
Here are a few quick examples:
あ (a) = 1 mora
あい (a-i) = 2 morae
きょう (kyo-u) = 2 morae
On this site, Japanese Morae show how many “beats” a name has in Japanese. Most Japanese names have about 2–4 morae, which affects how natural and rhythmic the name sounds to native speakers.
This helps you see how the name fits into the natural rhythm of Japanese speech.
What is English Transcription?
“English transcription” (romanization) is the romanized form of a Japanese name, intended to reproduce its pronunciation as closely as possible. It is also useful for searching names on this site.
Japanese-Style Nicknames
In Japan, nicknames are used to express familiarity and affection. Typical features include:
Shortened forms: Names are often shortened for closeness, e.g., “Yuki” from “Yukiko” or “Taka” from “Takashi”.
Suffixes: Terms like “-chan” (often for girls, also for young children) and “-kun” (often for boys) are used among family and close friends. Among very close adults, “-chan” may still be used. More details
Use & context: Nicknames are informal—common among friends, family, or close colleagues—and are not suitable for formal or professional settings. Their use implies a certain degree of intimacy.
Long vowels: The long vowel mark “chōonpu” (ー) extends the preceding vowel. For example, “あーちゃん” (A-chan) lengthens the “あ” sound.
Households
Sorts surnames by the estimated number of Japanese households that use them. More households generally indicates a more common or well-known surname.
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