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26,551 first names, 70,620 last names, 333,585 kanji variations.
one of the best Japanese name search tools for your baby!
Rinchan(りんちゃん)
Kunchan( くんちゃん)
Rinkun( りんくん)![]()
This name is considered unisex, but it's more commonly used for girls.
See the girls' version here.
In Japanese culture, kanji are characters that originated from Chinese script, and the meaning of a name changes depending on the kanji characters chosen. The more variations of kanji a name has, the more common it is in Japan. Conversely, a name with very few kanji variations is considered unique and rare. Below are the kanji variations for "Rinku," ranked by the total number of "Good!" votes.
鈴 means "bell, chime."
空 means "sky, empty, to empty."
Sky - The Vast Heavens; the atmosphere; feeling of emptiness.
Emptiness - A lack of content or substance.
Loneliness - A feeling of emptiness or desolation.
Waste - Something that is not used or is of no value.
Sky - In Japan, the sky (天) symbolizes limitless potential, divine protection, and aspirations beyond earthly bounds. May your child reach for the heavens with boundless ambition, while remaining grounded in humility.
Empty - Emptiness in Japanese philosophy (空) represents potential and openness to receive. May your child embrace emptiness as potential, ready to be filled with wisdom.
To Empty - Emptiness in Japanese philosophy (空) represents potential and openness to receive. May your child embrace emptiness as potential, ready to be filled with wisdom.
Emptiness - Emptiness represents potential, space for growth, and openness. May your child find that emptiness creates space for new blessings.
Gap - Gaps represent opportunity, space for growth, and potential to fill. May your child see gaps as opportunities to contribute.
Hole - Holes represent potential, space for filling, and opportunity. May your child fill the holes in the world with their unique gifts.
In Vain - Working in vain teaches the importance of purposeful effort. May your child's efforts never be in vain but bear fruit.
Loneliness - Loneliness teaches us the value of connection and self-sufficiency. May your child find peace in solitude and joy in companionship.
Vast - Vastness represents limitless potential, expansive thinking, and boundless opportunity. May your child's potential be vast, their dreams unbounded by limitation.
Waste - Understanding waste teaches the value of resources and effort. May your child avoid waste and use resources wisely.
凛 means "dignified, severe, commanding."
Dignified - Noble and impressive bearing.
Commanding - Inspiring awe and respect.
Cold - A coldness that makes one's body tense.
Stately - A stately and dignified presence.
Dignified - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
Severe - Severity represents strictness, discipline, and the tough love that builds character. May your child have the strength to be severe when needed, building character.
Commanding - Command represents authority, decisiveness, and the ability to direct others. May your child command with wisdom, directing others toward good.
Cold - Cold represents clarity, objectivity, and the cool head needed for difficult decisions. May your child have a cool head when needed, clear and objective in judgment.
Stately - State represents condition, status, and the current circumstance of being. May your child maintain a good state of mind, body, and spirit.
久 means "long time, lasting, old."
Long Time - Length represents endurance, patience, and the journey that extends through time. May your child have long patience and endurance for life's extended journeys.
To Take a Long Time - Length represents endurance, patience, and the journey that extends through time. May your child have long patience and endurance for life's extended journeys.
Lasting - Lasting represents active engagement and purposeful effort. May your child engage in lasting with purpose and skill.
Old - Age carries the wisdom of experience and the dignity of years well-lived. May your child grow old with wisdom, dignity, and the respect of many.
凛 means "dignified, severe, commanding."
Dignified - Noble and impressive bearing.
Commanding - Inspiring awe and respect.
Cold - A coldness that makes one's body tense.
Stately - A stately and dignified presence.
Dignified - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
Severe - Severity represents strictness, discipline, and the tough love that builds character. May your child have the strength to be severe when needed, building character.
Commanding - Command represents authority, decisiveness, and the ability to direct others. May your child command with wisdom, directing others toward good.
Cold - Cold represents clarity, objectivity, and the cool head needed for difficult decisions. May your child have a cool head when needed, clear and objective in judgment.
Stately - State represents condition, status, and the current circumstance of being. May your child maintain a good state of mind, body, and spirit.
玖 means "black gem, nine."
Nine - Used in documents to prevent alteration of the number nine.
Black Gem - Black represents formality, mystery, and the profound depths of the unknown. May your child have black's dignity, comfortable with mystery and the unknown.
Nine - Nine (九) is the highest single digit, representing completion, longevity, and imperial power. May your child reach the heights of achievement, complete and long-lived like the sacred number nine.
凛 means "dignified, severe, commanding."
Dignified - Noble and impressive bearing.
Commanding - Inspiring awe and respect.
Cold - A coldness that makes one's body tense.
Stately - A stately and dignified presence.
Dignified - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
Severe - Severity represents strictness, discipline, and the tough love that builds character. May your child have the strength to be severe when needed, building character.
Commanding - Command represents authority, decisiveness, and the ability to direct others. May your child command with wisdom, directing others toward good.
Cold - Cold represents clarity, objectivity, and the cool head needed for difficult decisions. May your child have a cool head when needed, clear and objective in judgment.
Stately - State represents condition, status, and the current circumstance of being. May your child maintain a good state of mind, body, and spirit.
空 means "sky, empty, to empty."
Sky - The Vast Heavens; the atmosphere; feeling of emptiness.
Emptiness - A lack of content or substance.
Loneliness - A feeling of emptiness or desolation.
Waste - Something that is not used or is of no value.
Sky - In Japan, the sky (天) symbolizes limitless potential, divine protection, and aspirations beyond earthly bounds. May your child reach for the heavens with boundless ambition, while remaining grounded in humility.
Empty - Emptiness in Japanese philosophy (空) represents potential and openness to receive. May your child embrace emptiness as potential, ready to be filled with wisdom.
To Empty - Emptiness in Japanese philosophy (空) represents potential and openness to receive. May your child embrace emptiness as potential, ready to be filled with wisdom.
Emptiness - Emptiness represents potential, space for growth, and openness. May your child find that emptiness creates space for new blessings.
Gap - Gaps represent opportunity, space for growth, and potential to fill. May your child see gaps as opportunities to contribute.
Hole - Holes represent potential, space for filling, and opportunity. May your child fill the holes in the world with their unique gifts.
In Vain - Working in vain teaches the importance of purposeful effort. May your child's efforts never be in vain but bear fruit.
Loneliness - Loneliness teaches us the value of connection and self-sufficiency. May your child find peace in solitude and joy in companionship.
Vast - Vastness represents limitless potential, expansive thinking, and boundless opportunity. May your child's potential be vast, their dreams unbounded by limitation.
Waste - Understanding waste teaches the value of resources and effort. May your child avoid waste and use resources wisely.
凜 means "dignified, severe, commanding."
Dignified - Noble and impressive bearing.
Commanding - Inspiring awe and respect.
Cold - A coldness that makes one's body tense.
Stately - A stately and dignified presence.
Dignified - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
Severe - Severity represents strictness, discipline, and the tough love that builds character. May your child have the strength to be severe when needed, building character.
Commanding - Command represents authority, decisiveness, and the ability to direct others. May your child command with wisdom, directing others toward good.
Cold - Cold represents clarity, objectivity, and the cool head needed for difficult decisions. May your child have a cool head when needed, clear and objective in judgment.
Stately - State represents condition, status, and the current circumstance of being. May your child maintain a good state of mind, body, and spirit.
玖 means "black gem, nine."
Nine - Used in documents to prevent alteration of the number nine.
Black Gem - Black represents formality, mystery, and the profound depths of the unknown. May your child have black's dignity, comfortable with mystery and the unknown.
Nine - Nine (九) is the highest single digit, representing completion, longevity, and imperial power. May your child reach the heights of achievement, complete and long-lived like the sacred number nine.
凛 means "dignified, severe, commanding."
Dignified - Noble and impressive bearing.
Commanding - Inspiring awe and respect.
Cold - A coldness that makes one's body tense.
Stately - A stately and dignified presence.
Dignified - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
Severe - Severity represents strictness, discipline, and the tough love that builds character. May your child have the strength to be severe when needed, building character.
Commanding - Command represents authority, decisiveness, and the ability to direct others. May your child command with wisdom, directing others toward good.
Cold - Cold represents clarity, objectivity, and the cool head needed for difficult decisions. May your child have a cool head when needed, clear and objective in judgment.
Stately - State represents condition, status, and the current circumstance of being. May your child maintain a good state of mind, body, and spirit.
琥 means "amber, tiger tally."
Amber - Amber represents a role of purpose and contribution to society. May your child embody the amber's dedication and skill in their life's work.
Tiger Tally - Tiger Tally - A tiger-shaped token of authority - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of tiger tally throughout life.
凛 means "dignified, severe, commanding."
Dignified - Noble and impressive bearing.
Commanding - Inspiring awe and respect.
Cold - A coldness that makes one's body tense.
Stately - A stately and dignified presence.
Dignified - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
Severe - Severity represents strictness, discipline, and the tough love that builds character. May your child have the strength to be severe when needed, building character.
Commanding - Command represents authority, decisiveness, and the ability to direct others. May your child command with wisdom, directing others toward good.
Cold - Cold represents clarity, objectivity, and the cool head needed for difficult decisions. May your child have a cool head when needed, clear and objective in judgment.
Stately - State represents condition, status, and the current circumstance of being. May your child maintain a good state of mind, body, and spirit.
紅 means "red, rouge, feminine."
Pigment - A red pigment used in cosmetics.
Silk - Red silk fabric.
Woman - A woman, especially one with a single red feature.
Red - Red in Japan represents vitality, celebration, and protection from evil spirits. May your child be vibrant and protected, their life full of celebration and vitality.
Rouge - Colors represent the variety and vibrancy of life's experiences. May your child's life be filled with beautiful colors and experiences.
Feminine - Feminine qualities include grace, nurturing wisdom, and quiet strength. May your child possess grace, nurturing wisdom, and inner strength.
Pigment - Colors represent the variety and vibrancy of life's experiences. May your child's life be filled with beautiful colors and experiences.
Silk - Silk represents refinement, luxury, and the transformation of humble materials into beauty. May your child transform humbly like silk, becoming something refined and beautiful.
Woman - Woman represents grace, nurturing, and the feminine principle of receptivity. May your child embody feminine virtues—grace, nurturing, and receptive wisdom.
凜 means "dignified, severe, commanding."
Dignified - Noble and impressive bearing.
Commanding - Inspiring awe and respect.
Cold - A coldness that makes one's body tense.
Stately - A stately and dignified presence.
Dignified - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
Severe - Severity represents strictness, discipline, and the tough love that builds character. May your child have the strength to be severe when needed, building character.
Commanding - Command represents authority, decisiveness, and the ability to direct others. May your child command with wisdom, directing others toward good.
Cold - Cold represents clarity, objectivity, and the cool head needed for difficult decisions. May your child have a cool head when needed, clear and objective in judgment.
Stately - State represents condition, status, and the current circumstance of being. May your child maintain a good state of mind, body, and spirit.
久 means "long time, lasting, old."
Long Time - Length represents endurance, patience, and the journey that extends through time. May your child have long patience and endurance for life's extended journeys.
To Take a Long Time - Length represents endurance, patience, and the journey that extends through time. May your child have long patience and endurance for life's extended journeys.
Lasting - Lasting represents active engagement and purposeful effort. May your child engage in lasting with purpose and skill.
Old - Age carries the wisdom of experience and the dignity of years well-lived. May your child grow old with wisdom, dignity, and the respect of many.
凜 means "dignified, severe, commanding."
Dignified - Noble and impressive bearing.
Commanding - Inspiring awe and respect.
Cold - A coldness that makes one's body tense.
Stately - A stately and dignified presence.
Dignified - Noble titles carry both honor and responsibility to serve others. May your child carry themselves with dignity and serve others honorably.
Severe - Severity represents strictness, discipline, and the tough love that builds character. May your child have the strength to be severe when needed, building character.
Commanding - Command represents authority, decisiveness, and the ability to direct others. May your child command with wisdom, directing others toward good.
Cold - Cold represents clarity, objectivity, and the cool head needed for difficult decisions. May your child have a cool head when needed, clear and objective in judgment.
Stately - State represents condition, status, and the current circumstance of being. May your child maintain a good state of mind, body, and spirit.
空 means "sky, empty, to empty."
Sky - The Vast Heavens; the atmosphere; feeling of emptiness.
Emptiness - A lack of content or substance.
Loneliness - A feeling of emptiness or desolation.
Waste - Something that is not used or is of no value.
Sky - In Japan, the sky (天) symbolizes limitless potential, divine protection, and aspirations beyond earthly bounds. May your child reach for the heavens with boundless ambition, while remaining grounded in humility.
Empty - Emptiness in Japanese philosophy (空) represents potential and openness to receive. May your child embrace emptiness as potential, ready to be filled with wisdom.
To Empty - Emptiness in Japanese philosophy (空) represents potential and openness to receive. May your child embrace emptiness as potential, ready to be filled with wisdom.
Emptiness - Emptiness represents potential, space for growth, and openness. May your child find that emptiness creates space for new blessings.
Gap - Gaps represent opportunity, space for growth, and potential to fill. May your child see gaps as opportunities to contribute.
Hole - Holes represent potential, space for filling, and opportunity. May your child fill the holes in the world with their unique gifts.
In Vain - Working in vain teaches the importance of purposeful effort. May your child's efforts never be in vain but bear fruit.
Loneliness - Loneliness teaches us the value of connection and self-sufficiency. May your child find peace in solitude and joy in companionship.
Vast - Vastness represents limitless potential, expansive thinking, and boundless opportunity. May your child's potential be vast, their dreams unbounded by limitation.
Waste - Understanding waste teaches the value of resources and effort. May your child avoid waste and use resources wisely.
琳 means "beautiful jade, tinkling."
Tinkling - The sound of jade pieces touching.
Resonance - Describes the sound made when two gems or jewels come into contact with each other.
Beautiful Jade - Beauty encompasses both outer form and inner grace, reflecting harmony and balance. May your child embody true beauty—radiating from within and inspiring others.
Tinkling - Sound represents communication, expression, and making oneself heard. May your child's voice be heard and may they listen well.
Resonance - Sound represents communication, expression, and making oneself heard. May your child's voice be heard and may they listen well.
来 means "to come, to bring, since."
To Bring - To cause to come.
Since - From a point in time until now.
Future - What is yet to come.
Particle - Adjusting rhythm in sentences.
To Come - Coming represents arrival, approach, and the fulfillment of anticipated meeting. May your child come into their own, arriving at their destined place.
To Bring - The act of bring represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child bring with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
To Comfort - The act of comfort represents purposeful action and the will to make a difference. May your child comfort with wisdom and purpose, making a positive difference in the world.
Since - Sharpness represents clarity, precision, and cutting through confusion. May your child have a sharp mind that cuts through to truth.
Future - Future - What is yet to come - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of future throughout life.
Particle - Particles represent the small things that make up the whole. May your child appreciate how small particles create great things.
琳 means "beautiful jade, tinkling."
Tinkling - The sound of jade pieces touching.
Resonance - Describes the sound made when two gems or jewels come into contact with each other.
Beautiful Jade - Beauty encompasses both outer form and inner grace, reflecting harmony and balance. May your child embody true beauty—radiating from within and inspiring others.
Tinkling - Sound represents communication, expression, and making oneself heard. May your child's voice be heard and may they listen well.
Resonance - Sound represents communication, expression, and making oneself heard. May your child's voice be heard and may they listen well.
琥 means "amber, tiger tally."
Amber - Amber represents a role of purpose and contribution to society. May your child embody the amber's dedication and skill in their life's work.
Tiger Tally - Tiger Tally - A tiger-shaped token of authority - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of tiger tally throughout life.
琳 means "beautiful jade, tinkling."
Tinkling - The sound of jade pieces touching.
Resonance - Describes the sound made when two gems or jewels come into contact with each other.
Beautiful Jade - Beauty encompasses both outer form and inner grace, reflecting harmony and balance. May your child embody true beauty—radiating from within and inspiring others.
Tinkling - Sound represents communication, expression, and making oneself heard. May your child's voice be heard and may they listen well.
Resonance - Sound represents communication, expression, and making oneself heard. May your child's voice be heard and may they listen well.
空 means "sky, empty, to empty."
Sky - The Vast Heavens; the atmosphere; feeling of emptiness.
Emptiness - A lack of content or substance.
Loneliness - A feeling of emptiness or desolation.
Waste - Something that is not used or is of no value.
Sky - In Japan, the sky (天) symbolizes limitless potential, divine protection, and aspirations beyond earthly bounds. May your child reach for the heavens with boundless ambition, while remaining grounded in humility.
Empty - Emptiness in Japanese philosophy (空) represents potential and openness to receive. May your child embrace emptiness as potential, ready to be filled with wisdom.
To Empty - Emptiness in Japanese philosophy (空) represents potential and openness to receive. May your child embrace emptiness as potential, ready to be filled with wisdom.
Emptiness - Emptiness represents potential, space for growth, and openness. May your child find that emptiness creates space for new blessings.
Gap - Gaps represent opportunity, space for growth, and potential to fill. May your child see gaps as opportunities to contribute.
Hole - Holes represent potential, space for filling, and opportunity. May your child fill the holes in the world with their unique gifts.
In Vain - Working in vain teaches the importance of purposeful effort. May your child's efforts never be in vain but bear fruit.
Loneliness - Loneliness teaches us the value of connection and self-sufficiency. May your child find peace in solitude and joy in companionship.
Vast - Vastness represents limitless potential, expansive thinking, and boundless opportunity. May your child's potential be vast, their dreams unbounded by limitation.
Waste - Understanding waste teaches the value of resources and effort. May your child avoid waste and use resources wisely.
稟 means "receive, innate, report."
Receive - To accept from above.
Receive - Receiving represents acceptance, openness, and gracious acceptance. May your child receive life's blessings with gratitude.
Innate - Innate - Natural; inborn - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of innate throughout life.
Report - Report - To Inform; to present - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of report throughout life.
Grain, Rice - Grain/Rice - As an endowment or grain/rice - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of grain/rice throughout life.
Rice Store, Food Supply - Storing represents preservation, saving for the future, and wise resource management. May your child store up treasures of wisdom and kindness for the future.
Speak, Declare - Speaking represents expression, communication, and the power of words. May your child speak wisely, using words to heal, inspire, and connect.
Support, Endowment - Support represents the help that enables others to stand, grow, and achieve. May your child both give and receive support, strengthened by mutual aid.
功 means "achievement, merit, success."
Achievement - An Accomplishment; a feat.
Merit - A praiseworthy quality.
Success - A favorable outcome.
Effectiveness - The ability to produce a desired result.
Work - The effort put into a task or job.
Achievement - Food represents sustenance, sharing, and the gifts of the earth. May your child be well nourished and share food generously.
Merit - Merit - A praiseworthy quality - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of merit throughout life.
Success - Success - A favorable outcome - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of success throughout life.
Effectiveness - Colors represent the variety and vibrancy of life's experiences. May your child's life be filled with beautiful colors and experiences.
Work - Working represents effort, contribution, and meaningful labor. May your child work with purpose and find satisfaction in effort.
綸 means "cord, imperial decree, govern."
Obi - A sash or belt, usually blue in color.
Cord - Cord - A thick thread; a string - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of cord throughout life.
Imperial Decree - Imperial Decree - An emperor's order - carries meaning in Japanese naming tradition. May your child embody the positive aspects of imperial decree throughout life.
Govern - Governance represents ordered rule, wise administration, and care for those led. May your child govern themselves first, then lead others with wisdom and care.
Obi - Colors represent the variety and vibrancy of life's experiences. May your child's life be filled with beautiful colors and experiences.
空 means "sky, empty, to empty."
Sky - The Vast Heavens; the atmosphere; feeling of emptiness.
Emptiness - A lack of content or substance.
Loneliness - A feeling of emptiness or desolation.
Waste - Something that is not used or is of no value.
Sky - In Japan, the sky (天) symbolizes limitless potential, divine protection, and aspirations beyond earthly bounds. May your child reach for the heavens with boundless ambition, while remaining grounded in humility.
Empty - Emptiness in Japanese philosophy (空) represents potential and openness to receive. May your child embrace emptiness as potential, ready to be filled with wisdom.
To Empty - Emptiness in Japanese philosophy (空) represents potential and openness to receive. May your child embrace emptiness as potential, ready to be filled with wisdom.
Emptiness - Emptiness represents potential, space for growth, and openness. May your child find that emptiness creates space for new blessings.
Gap - Gaps represent opportunity, space for growth, and potential to fill. May your child see gaps as opportunities to contribute.
Hole - Holes represent potential, space for filling, and opportunity. May your child fill the holes in the world with their unique gifts.
In Vain - Working in vain teaches the importance of purposeful effort. May your child's efforts never be in vain but bear fruit.
Loneliness - Loneliness teaches us the value of connection and self-sufficiency. May your child find peace in solitude and joy in companionship.
Vast - Vastness represents limitless potential, expansive thinking, and boundless opportunity. May your child's potential be vast, their dreams unbounded by limitation.
Waste - Understanding waste teaches the value of resources and effort. May your child avoid waste and use resources wisely.
鈴 means "bell, chime."
玖 means "black gem, nine."
Nine - Used in documents to prevent alteration of the number nine.
Black Gem - Black represents formality, mystery, and the profound depths of the unknown. May your child have black's dignity, comfortable with mystery and the unknown.
Nine - Nine (九) is the highest single digit, representing completion, longevity, and imperial power. May your child reach the heights of achievement, complete and long-lived like the sacred number nine.
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Sorts names by how closely they match your search meaning. Names containing more kanji that match your search terms appear higher in the results.
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Sorts names by how many different kanji spellings they have. In general, names with more variants tend to be more familiar and widespread in Japan (with some exceptions).
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What is Hiragana?
Hiragana is one of the two Japanese syllabaries. Each character represents a sound (mora), not a meaning. It is used for native words, grammatical particles, verb/adjective endings (okurigana), and to show pronunciation above kanji (furigana). It developed from cursive forms of kanji.
What is Katakana?
Katakana is one of the two Japanese syllabaries. Each character represents a sound (mora), not a meaning. It is mainly used to write foreign words and names, loanwords, onomatopoeia, and for emphasis.
What are English Syllables?
A syllable is a unit of pronunciation in English — it’s the beat you hear when you say a word.
Here are a few quick examples:
cat = 1 syllable
ba-by = 2 syllables
beau-ti-ful = 3 syllables
On this site, English Syllables show how a name naturally breaks into sounds when spoken in English. This helps you understand how English speakers naturally say the name and where they pause between sounds.
What are Japanese Morae?
A mora (plural: morae, Japanese: 拍 Haku) is the basic unit of sound in Japanese — think of it as one rhythmic “beat” when speaking.
Here are a few quick examples:
あ (a) = 1 mora
あい (a-i) = 2 morae
きょう (kyo-u) = 2 morae
On this site, Japanese Morae show how many “beats” a name has in Japanese. Most Japanese names have about 2–4 morae, which affects how natural and rhythmic the name sounds to native speakers.
This helps you see how the name fits into the natural rhythm of Japanese speech.
What is English Transcription?
“English transcription” (romanization) is the romanized form of a Japanese name, intended to reproduce its pronunciation as closely as possible. It is also useful for searching names on this site.
Japanese-Style Nicknames
In Japan, nicknames are used to express familiarity and affection. Typical features include:
Shortened forms: Names are often shortened for closeness, e.g., “Yuki” from “Yukiko” or “Taka” from “Takashi”.
Suffixes: Terms like “-chan” (often for girls, also for young children) and “-kun” (often for boys) are used among family and close friends. Among very close adults, “-chan” may still be used. More details
Use & context: Nicknames are informal—common among friends, family, or close colleagues—and are not suitable for formal or professional settings. Their use implies a certain degree of intimacy.
Long vowels: The long vowel mark “chōonpu” (ー) extends the preceding vowel. For example, “あーちゃん” (A-chan) lengthens the “あ” sound.
Households
Sorts surnames by the estimated number of Japanese households that use them. More households generally indicates a more common or well-known surname.
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